M.S. Applied Data Science - Capstone Chronicles 2025

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each year—generally 5–15%—and pertain to products unlikely to cause harm. Overall, the distribution of recall classes remains relatively stable over the years, with Class II consistently dominating. This visualization provides valuable insights for regulatory

agencies, manufacturers, and public health stakeholders by highlighting trends in the severity of product safety issues. Monitoring these patterns aids in strategic resource allocation and policy development aimed at enhancing consumer protection and product safety. highlighting key trends over time. Several “hotspot” months include December 2013 (0.62), November 2014 (0.51), February 2015 (0.56), March 2019 (0.57), September 2019 (0.51), and November 2023 (0.63), where the recall proportions peaked. Periods with high recall activity, such as mid-2023, were marked by multiple months with elevated recall rates. Early 2025 also saw high proportions in January and February. Notably, mid-2019 exhibited significant spikes in March and September, pointing to ongoing recall risks. In contrast, months like January 2014 (0.03), April 2020 (0.04), and various months in 2018 consistently recorded proportions below 0.10, indicating a lower severity in recall events during those times.

Figure 4

Proportion of Recall Classes by Year

Note. This figure illustrates the annual distribution of recall classifications (Class I, II, and III) from 2012 to 2025. The heatmap in Figure 5 shows the proportion of Class I recalls from 2012 to early 2025,

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