M.S. Applied Data Science - Capstone Chronicles 2025

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Figure 3 depicts the trend of monthly recalls over time, which shows a general downward trend, with recall volumes ranging from 600 to 1,000 per month between 2012 and 2018. Starting in

2020, recall numbers stabilized at a lower, more consistent level. A notable spike occurred in early 2014, reaching nearly 1,800 recalls, followed by cyclical fluctuations.

Figure 3

Recall Trend Over Time

Note. This figure shows the trend of monthly recalls, highlighting both cyclical and downward patterns. The cyclical patterns suggest periodic fluctuations, but they are not consistent. The early years (2012-2018) show greater fluctuations compared to 2019-2025, where recall numbers have stabilized at a lower and more consistent level. The stacked bar chart in Figure 4 illustrates the annual distribution of recall bottom of each bar, represent the most critical cases, involving products that may cause serious health consequences or death. Their proportion fluctuates throughout the observed period, with notable declines around 2017–2018 and a resurgence in 2022–2023. Class II recalls, shown in teal/green in the middle of the bars, consistently account for the largest share, typically comprising approximately 60–70% of total recalls annually. These involve products that may lead to temporary or medically reversible adverse health effects. Class III recalls, shown in yellow at the top, represent the smallest portion classifications—Class I, Class II, and Class III—from 2012 to 2025. These classifications, defined by their severity, provide insight into the nature and seriousness of product recalls over time. Class I recalls, depicted in purple at the

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