News Scrapbook 1988

Poway, CA (Rancho Bernardo) Journal (Cir . W. 2,500)

Poway, Calif. News Chieftain (Cir.W.3,000)

S Ill D1 'IJU, CA ( , 111 Dicqo Co.) S , 111 D1 y Union (Cir . D. 21 ,089) (Cir . S. 341,840) FEB I

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************** * * * * * * GREAT DECISIONS * * * * * * * ************** with his handling of the Cuban miss- ile crisis. He also lost China as an ally of the Soviet Union." Krushchev's comrades planned his ouster when he attempted to make organizational reforms within the Soviet Union. These reforms were perceived by a large segment of the party bureaucracy as ''threats to their positions." Leonid Brezhnev, wno succeeded Krushchev, instilled st and confl- rlence within the Communist party. Brezhnev revived the secret police network, restoring stability. Alth- ough there was repression, the days of go~rnment terror appeared over. By emphasizing more investment in consumer goods, Brezhnev in- creased the standard of living of most Soviets. Under Brezhnev, the Soviets emer- ged as a m!lltary super-power. After Brezhnev died in November of 1982, he was succeeded by 68-year-

old Yuri Andropov. Although Andro- pov tried to be a "reformer," he died in office only 15 months later and was succeeded by a Brezhnev protege, 73-year-old Konstantin Chernenko. Chernenko, also an ail- ing leader, spent much of his 13 months In office Ill and out of sight. "Gorbachev has many problems to overcome," Drlnan said. "Today, the vital countries in the world are exporters. The Soviet Union exports oil, gold, and mllltary hardware. To be economically dynamic, they will have to have more export growth." Drlnan predicts Gorbachev will try to make reforms In agriculture and to de-centralize the process of decision-making. He also predicts that Gorbachev will try to renovate many of the existing Soviet in- dustries. "I feel Gorbachev can make a difference if he can renovate the Communist Party, put needed re- forms into practice, and cut sotne deals with the West to take away some political pressure," Drinan said. "Gorbachev shows little threat to the U.S., and American policy should make possible an alliance with them. Western Europe, China, and Japan will outdo the Soviet Union in the next century, and I do not think the U.S. should put all our eggs in an anti-Soviet bask t. 'The U.S. foreign policy should be fleil.ble - by the 21st century, there will be multi-powers around the globe. L

rored in the West; Western nations were in the midst of the Great De- pression, which played havoc with their economies. Stalin achieved this impressive rate of growth at a huge cost in lives. Since he needed food to feed the workers the cheapest way possible, he confiscated the property and goods of the Russian peasants, forc- ing them into the collective farm system. When the kulaks (wealthy peas- ants) fought Stalin's plans, they were "liquidated." l\1illions died during Stalin's collectivization drive. Others perished during the great Russian famine of 1931-32, which was caused by the chaos re- sultingfrom collectivization. The Soviet economy expanded at an impressive rate and industrial production rose at approximately 15 percent a year. This economic growth continued at a rapid pace for 30years. To keep his "real and imagined" enemies under control, Stalin relied on the secret police. For a quarter of a century, he ruled the nation with an iron hand. After Stalin died in 1953, Nikita Krushchev rose to power. Krush- chev ruled the country at first wiU1 two other leaders, but in 1957 be- came the most powerful man in the country. Krushchev made many changes in government policy and eliminated the "use of terror as a political in- strument." He also lifted some of the restrictions placed on the arts by Stalin. "Krushchev made substantial cuts in Soviet military expendi- tures," Drinan said. "And then he tried to conceal his country's mili- tary and economic weaknesses. Krushchev also embarrassed the Soviets in front of the entire world

By sew WEINER Great Decisio -1988, sponsored by the Rancho Bernardo chapter of the American Association of Uni- versity Women and the Continuing Education Center in Rancho Ber- nardo, offers a behind-the-scene look Into the issues makingheadlilles. The eight-week series continued last week with a discussion on "The Soviet Union andGorbachev" byDr. Patrick Drinan, professor of politi- cal science and department chair at the University ofSan Diego. Former president of The World Affairs Council of San Diego and au- thor of numerous articles on Soviet economics, politics, and history, Drlnan is considered an authority on foreign affairs. The professor, who taught at Fort Hays State Unversity in Kansas be-- fore joining e · i y f Diego faculty, ha al o worked as an administrative assistant to a U.S. Congressman. In addition, Drlnan has conducted research for the Institute of Global Conflict and Cooperation at the Uni- versity or California m Santa Cruz. Since Mikhail Gorbachev became the general secretary of the Com- munist party ln the Soviet Union in March 1985, he has instituted nu- merous reforms that enccmpass a variety of domestic and internation- al Issues. U.S. leaders are hopeful these re- forms will signal a thaw in Soviet at- titudes toward the West, paving the way for ad tente between the super- powers. As an incentive to increase sag- ging Russian productivity, Gorba- chev plans to "legalize" several types of small-scale private enter- prises. He also has proposed that managers in some state-owned businesses have a "freer hand" in

TIMEL V TOPIC - Dr. Patrick Drinan, professor of po itical science and department chair at the Univ rsity of San Diego, chats with Helen Yesner, who selects the speakers for Great Decisions 1988, an eight-week series sponsored by the Rancho Bernardo chapter of the American Association of University Women and the Continuing Education Center in Rancho Ber- nardo. Drinan discussed "The Soviet Union and Gorbachev." (Photo by Beth Weiner) the distribution of their firm's profits.

As early as 1921, Russian leaders were attempting "reforms." Lenin hoped to win support from the Soviet peasants with his "New Economic Policy" which permitted regulation of certain segments of the economy by market regulation. Lenin's successor, Joseph Stalin, abolished the NEP in 1929 and insti- tuted the centralized economic system still in existence today in the Soviet Union. He also diverted all available resources into heavy in- dustry. At first, Stalin's crash moderniza- tion program seemed to work well, enabling the Soviet gross national product to rise about nine percent a year. This increase was not mir-

United Nations officials were pleased when Russian officials agreed last October to pay all of the Soviet Union's outstanding debts to the UnitedNations. The debt includes a bill of $197 mil- lion, which covers the Soviet Union's share for the upkeep of U.N. peace- keeping forces. Previously, the Russians had re- fused to pay the tab for peace- keeping forces on "the grounds the forces are illegal." "Gorbachev is not the first Rus- sian leader to attempt to make re- forms in the Soviet Union," Drinan said.

Oceanside. CA (San Diego Co.) Blade Tribune (Cir. D. 29,089) (Cir. S. 30,498) 198

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~~-=-=:--...:.;.._;...;;;..;;;.....;;;;,___~.;;;;;;;.;;;;;;;;..__~__;;~;.:_- Controvers~ • F~~ • I remi i hearing on USD prof iscent of Bork battle By Larry Margasak e A s Press 51 WA HI GT - A Califor nia la\ school professor is ready to defend h1 unorthodox views be- for the Senate in a judicial show- do" n remm1scent of the battle over Robert H. Bork's upreme Court nomination. Bernard , 1ega_!!, President the right of black students to travel to the school of their choice. Civil rights advocates have said travel to a new school would not guarantee pupils a seat inside Siegan vrote that the 14th Amendmen "safeguards only fundamen al and natural rights from violation by the states. There is no fundamental or natu- ral right to •ducation, nor to an integrated education. Each 1s a political right created by gov-

ernment and is accordingly not within the guarantees of the 14th Amendment." He believes the amendment which extended federal constitu~ tional safeguards to residents of the individual states, was meant to safeguard religious liberty - but not separation of church and state It is that view which leads him to say it is "possible to argue that prayer in school would not be m violation of the Constitu- tion." The Supreme Court has taken the opposite view. In an interview late last year the onetime real estate lawye;

and developer in Chica o said that if confirmed. he would uphold Supreme Court pre e- dent. "A circuit cou1 t judge tries to figure out what the Supreme Court has said," he commented then. "There's no leeway. Our system requires that Supreme Court views be final." The 9th circuit, on which new Supreme Court justice Anthony Kennedy served, has jurisdiction over Alaska, Arizona, California Hawaii, Idaho, Montana: Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Guam and the Northern Marian Islands.

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Reagan= nominee for the 9th lI.S. Circuit Court ol Appeals, appear before the enate Judiciary Com- mi•tee today to air hi free-wheel- mg view on the Con titution. iegan' view do not alwa)s par llel tho e of Bork hut he's just a controver ial when writing on subject like civil right , economic law, eparatJon of church and tate, and equal protection for women. any t t a publicly oppo~rd Rork and helped engineer hi defeat in the Senate are lobbying against Siegan. Con- ervative group are urging his confirmation. The 63 year-old Siegan has been forced to wait for 13 months while •he Judiciary Committee consid- ered other matter·, including three upreme Court nominees. "Before Ju tice (Lewis F.) Pow- ell re igned, the e:rpectation was that Siegan would be the big nomi- nation fight of the year (in 1987)," aid Peter Smith, spokesman for Jud1c1ary Committee Chairman Jo eph R. Biden Jr., D-Del. ow, it appears he \\ill be one of the big nomination fights for 1988. Like Bork, the niversity of San Diego Law Scl,nol professor ha I ft a I ng paper trail of writings on the Con titution. From hi articles and book. , it i not difficult to find controver y. For instance: Siegan would have outlawed I cparate but equal schools a Supreme Court did in 1954, but the Liberal Sens. Howard M. Metzen- baum, D-Ohlo, and Patrick J. Leahy, D-Vt., both major opponents of Bork, were highly critical of Sle- gan, a 63-year-old professor of con• stltutional law at the University of San Diego. Conservative Sens. Orrin G. Hatch, R-Utab, and Charles Gress- ley, R-Iowa, two of Bork's most ar dent backers, Jumped to Slegan's defense.

San Diego, CA (San Diego Co.) Evening Tribune (Cir. D. 123,092)

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FEB 2 6 1988 Grilling of :s1egan for federal court recalls Bork test WAS~P) - The face had changed and some views were different, but senators might have imagined Robert Bork was back when they held a confirmation hear- ing for the most controversial judi- cial nominee before them. Uni~rsity of Sao I!iego Jaw pro- fessor Bernard Siegan, nominee for the 9th ~J.S. °CT~cutt ~ourt of Appeals, spent hLS confirmation hearing yes,,• terday defending what one senator called his "remarkably extreme views." Bork did the same last year during confirmation hearings on his Su- preme Court nomination. And like Bork, Siegan pledged over and over that he would cast his per- sonal views aside if confirmed, and follow Supreme Court precedent. The players were the same, too, in the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing room. Liberal Sens. Howard M. Metzen- baum, D-Ohio, and Patrick J. Leahy D-Vt., both major opponents of Bork' were highly critical of Siegan, a si year-old professor of constitutional Jaw. Conservative Sens. Orrin G. Hatch R-Utah, and Chari~ Grassley, R~ Iowa, two of Bork's most ardent backers, jumped t _,ieg 's defense. Please see SIEGA1'1t: A- Col. 1

, The A oe1ated Press S~"Our system requires that Supreme Court views be final." W

Continued From A-9 ;,,- People for the American Way tli'e civil liberties group that ran a ~on- tre-;ersial anti-Bork television spot promptly issued a news release at~ tacking Siegan. Siegan's views do not always par- allel those of Bork, but he attracts similar attention. He wrote that the Supreme Court reached the right conclusion in out- lawing school segregation but used faulty reasoning. He said prayer in schools could be constitutional, al- though the Supreme Court has said otherwise. He gave equal weight to property rights and human rights. And he said the framers of the 14th Amendment which governs due process rights' never intended its scope to be a~ broad as that defined by the Supreme Court. Leahy - who conducted the con- firmation hearing because commit- tee Chairman Joseph Biden is recu- perating from surgery - said after- ward that Siegan's almost total lack of experience in the courtroom and his "remarkably extreme views" make him "one of the more difficult ones for the Senate to approve." ~---

"The last time you were in federal court, I was 12 years old " Leahy said ' Asked about Siegan's promises to follow Supreme Court precedent, Leahy said, "There is a feeling there may be a confirmation conversion here, too." The senator used the same term duri~g Bork's hearing, accusing the nommee of changing many of his controversial positions in order to win confirmation. Bork proved to be unconvincing, and the Senate reject- ed his nomination 58-42. Siegan told the committee: "There are tim~ I will rule contrary t<> my own feelmgs. It would be a direct ,violation and contrary of my oath to push my position ahead of the Su- , Siegan said his lack of courtroom experien~e w~~ld ?Ot be a problem, ~om~entmg: A circuit court judge 1s given scholarly duties to see if what the lower court did was righ I have spent 20 years of my life in scholarly activities." preme Court."

Palo Alto, CA (Santa Clara Co.) Peninsula Time Tribune (Cir. D. 60,288) (Cir. S . 60,011)

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treme views." Bork did the same during confirmation hearings on his Supreme Court nomination. And like Bork, Slegan pledged over and over that be would cast his personal constitutional view aside If confirmed, and folio u• preme Court preced nt So did Bork. The players w r the me, too, In the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing room.