Alcala 1958

tis,

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in whose de fin itio nsen sib le mat ter is in­ clud ed. Con seq uen tly, th ey cannot be unde r­ stood wit hou t sen sib le mat ter, as in the de fin itio nof ma n it is nec ess aryto inc lud e fles h an d bones . Th in gsof tha t kin d, i.e ., thin gs ab str act edon ly from ind ivi dualsen ­ sib le mat ter, are con sid ere d in the study of natu re. 2. Oth ers, alt houghdep end entupo n mat­ ter a cco rd ingto be in g, are not sodep end ent acc ording to rea son , for sen sib le mat ter is not includ ed in their de fin itio n. Su ch is the cas e with lin es an d num ber s,wh ich ar e treate d in ma the ma tic s. 3. Sti ll oth ers are no t dependent on mat­ ter ac co rd ing to be in g, bec ause the y can exi st wit hou t ma tter. Fo r eit her the y ar e nev er fou nd in ma tter , as God and the ang els, or the y are som etim es in ma tter and at othe rtim es not,as sub stance , qua lity, pot enc y, ac t, on e, man y and oth er su ch thin gs. Th ere for e, the sc ien ce tha t is cha ract er­ ized by the thir d mod e of abs tra ction is the mos t int elle ctu al. Howe ver ,the thr eef old con sidera tion of the int ell igi ble mu st be attr ibu ted to one sci enc e,no t to man y. Fo r on the one han d the sep arated substa nc esare the uni ver sal and fir st cause sof be in g, 6 wh ere as on the other hand the same scien cemus t con sid er the pro per caus esof a gen us and the genus itse lf, be cau se sc ien ce is not perfect ed ex­ cept thr oug hkn ow ledgeof firs t principles. 7 Th ere for e, the sam e scien cemust con sid er the sep ara tedsubsta nc esand be ing in gen ­ 6" Et quia illud quod est prin cipium esse ndi omni bus, oport et ess e max ime ens, ut dicit ur II Me taph.; ideo huju smodi prin cipi a oportet esse complet issim a,et prop ter hoc oportet ea esse max ime actu , ut nih il, vel minimum habe ant de pote ntia , qui a actu s est prior et poten tior pote ntia , ut dici tur X Me tap h. Et propte r hoc opor tet ess e ea sin e mate ria qua e est pot enti a, et abs que mot u qui est actus ex- iste ntis in pote ntia , et huju smod isun t res divi- na e: quia si divi num alic ubi exi sti t, in tali natura immateri ali et immobili max ime exi stit, ut dici tur VI Met aph." (I n de Tr in ita te, q. 5, a. 4, c. ) 7 In I Phy sico rum , lec t. 1, n. 7. ition i le - . uently, - t i le , ition o ry e . i gs , ., s acted l i al - l , ered re. s, h e t - r ing i g, t so e t i , le ed ition. s, t atics. - ing i g, t t . t , l , ti es r t s not, nce, quaJjty, y, , , y ru s. fore, ce er- e ctio l ct al. er, e fold tion l igible i ted e, y. nce sal s of b i g, 6 as ce i er e s lf, se ce e - cept through knowledge of first principle . fore, ce r t d h nces - 6 "Et . , , i t ll taph. s i i a l tis i a, i , il, t p ti , i , l i t h. i ~ tia, r ' ti ti , i : it, t iali ili J [ i itate, ) si rum, .

eral, i.e ., the genu s en ds , of wh ich the separa ted substanc es are the common and uni ver sal cau ses. Th is sci en ce is kno wn as di vin e sci enc e, me tap hys ics, or first ph ilo sop hy . Di vin e sci en ce, bec aus e it i£ pri nci pal ly con cer ned with knowledge of Go d; me ta­ ph ysi cs, bec aus e it com es aft er phy sic s in the orderof lear ning, sinc e we must proc eed from the sen sibl e to the int ell igi ble ;and te es sal . i ce e e, hysics, il s hy. i e ce, e s i al y ned l ; t - ysics, e es si er o i g, since we must proceed le l igible; a

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DR. CREM first ph ilo sop hy, bec ause from it oth er sc ien ce srec eiv e thei r pri nci ple s. 8 Ye t it mus t be underst ood that alt hou gh thi s sci en cecon sidersboth bei ng in gen era l and the sepa rated sub stan ces,onl y be ing is its subje ct. 9 For the sub jec t of a sc ien ce is tha t who se cau ses and pro per ties we are see kin g, and not the cau ses thems elv es. Kn ow led geof the cau ses is the end to wh ich the con sid era tionof the sci en ceper tai ns. Th ere are two kin ds of pr in cip les: 10 (1) Cert ain one s are in themse lves com ­ ple te nat ures and yet are pri nci ple s of oth er th ing s; suc h are stu die d not on ly & In de Tri nit ate , q. 5, a. 1, c. 9 Pr ooe mi umin Me tap h. 10 In de Tri nit ate , q. 5, a. 4, c. 79 i i/,as hy, ces i e ciples. o g ce rs l t h ce j ct. 9 j t ce p ties i g, selve . ledge s i ration o ce t in . i ciple : 10 i lves co - ciples i ; i d l 8 f itate l 9 r ium t h. 10 itate