ADS Capstone Chronicles Revised

‭12‬

‭Figure 4.5‬ ‭Number of Accidents per Month by year‬

‭variables,‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭accident‬ ‭severity,‬ ‭weather‬ ‭conditions,‬ ‭and‬ ‭location.‬ ‭These‬ ‭visualizations‬ ‭provided‬ ‭further‬ ‭insights‬ ‭into‬ ‭the‬ ‭interactions‬ ‭between these variables.‬ ‭Figure‬ ‭4.6‬ ‭displays‬ ‭the‬ ‭trend‬ ‭of‬ ‭traffic‬‭accidents‬ ‭over‬‭time,‬‭spanning‬‭from‬‭2016‬‭to‬‭2023.‬‭This‬‭line‬ ‭chart‬ ‭shows‬ ‭the‬ ‭total‬ ‭number‬ ‭of‬ ‭accidents‬ ‭each‬ ‭year,‬ ‭offering‬ ‭a‬ ‭clear‬ ‭visualization‬ ‭of‬ ‭how‬ ‭accident‬‭rates‬‭have‬‭fluctuated‬‭over‬‭the‬‭years.‬‭The‬ ‭x-axis‬ ‭represents‬ ‭the‬ ‭years,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭y-axis‬ ‭indicates‬ ‭the‬ ‭total‬ ‭number‬ ‭of‬ ‭accidents‬ ‭reported.‬ ‭By‬‭observing‬‭the‬‭trends,‬‭one‬‭can‬‭identify‬‭patterns‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭periods‬ ‭of‬ ‭increasing‬ ‭or‬ ‭decreasing‬ ‭accident‬ ‭frequency,‬ ‭which‬ ‭may‬ ‭correlate‬ ‭with‬ ‭various‬ ‭factors‬ ‭like‬ ‭changes‬ ‭in‬ ‭traffic‬ ‭volume,‬ ‭weather‬‭conditions,‬‭road‬‭safety‬‭measures,‬‭or‬‭even‬ ‭socio-economic‬ ‭events.‬ ‭Interestingly,‬ ‭it‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭seen‬ ‭in‬ ‭Figure‬ ‭4.6‬ ‭that‬ ‭there‬ ‭was‬ ‭a‬ ‭shift‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭number‬ ‭of‬ ‭accidents‬ ‭per‬ ‭year‬ ‭starting‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭end‬ ‭of 2019 and remained elevated into 2023.‬

‭4.2.2 Multivariate Analysis‬ ‭For‬‭multivariate‬‭analysis,‬‭both‬‭non-graphical‬‭and‬ ‭graphical‬ ‭techniques‬ ‭were‬ ‭employed.‬ ‭A‬ ‭correlation‬ ‭matrix‬ ‭helped‬ ‭explore‬ ‭relationships‬ ‭between‬ ‭numerical‬‭variables,‬‭and‬‭heatmaps‬‭were‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭visualize‬ ‭interactions‬ ‭between‬ ‭multiple‬

252